Several studies have concluded that diabetes triples the risk of periodontitis.
Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, is caused by the accumulation of bacteria, plaque and tartar between the teeth. This leads to gingivitis, the term for inflammation of the gingiva (gums). If left untreated, the inflammation can spread to the bone supporting the teeth. This more advanced stage is called periodontitis. When the bone supporting the teeth begins to deteriorate, the affected teeth become loose and may need to be extracted.
Symptoms
Periodontitis develops surreptitiously, often with little warning. It is usually painless but can lead to the following symptoms:
- persistent bad breath
- bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- loose teeth
Diabetes and periodontitis
People with diabetes are at greater risk for gum problems, especially if their diabetes is not properly controlled.
Other factors increase the risk:
- heredity
- smoking
- poor dental hygiene
Diagnosis
Periodontitis is relatively easy for a dentist to diagnose. With early diagnosis, treatment is simpler, and tooth extraction can usually be delayed or avoided.
Treatment
There are various treatments for periodontitis – surgical (bone grafts to reconstruct damaged gums) and non-surgical. Since each case is unique, we recommend you discuss treatment options with your dentist.
Prevention
Prevention is always better than treatment!
In 90% of cases, periodontitis can be avoided by:
- proper brushing twice a day (including below the gum line)
- daily flossing
- at least two dental cleanings per year
- proper glycemic (blood sugar) control
See also:
Ordre des dentistes du Québec, Gum disease.
Research and text: Diabetes Québec Team of Health Care Professionals
Scientific review: Dr. Patrick Magnan, DMD, Dentist
July 2014